Layer 0: The highway and operating system of blockchain networks

2025-08-30

By 2025, the cross-chain gateway of Hong Kong HashKey Exchange integrates zkSync 2.0 and Polygon, achieving a 200% increase in cross-chain asset mapping processing efficiency and a 90% reduction in Gas fees. Behind this practice, Layer 0 technology, as the "operating system" of the blockchain network, is breaking down inter-chain barriers through underlying architecture innovation. Layer 0 (the zero layer) is the infrastructure layer of the blockchain ecosystem, focusing on cross-chain interoperability, network connectivity, and consensus compatibility. Its core value lies in building a multi-chain collaborative "value internet".

Technical architecture: Heterogeneous multi-chain adhesive

Layer 0 achieves inter-chain interaction through Relay Chain or cross-chain protocol. Polkadot's XCM protocol supports asset transfer and message transmission between parallel chains. By 2025, it will handle over 1 million cross-chain transactions, but the deployment cost of parallel chains is still as high as $2 million. Cosmos' IBC protocol allows arbitrary data to be transmitted between different chains through a lightweight node verification mechanism. A certain DePIN project achieves automated charging pile resource scheduling through IBC, reducing decision-making costs by 70%. LayerZero's V2 version introduces a Decentralized Verification Network (DVN), upgrading cross-chain message verification from relying on oracles and relays to a multi-DVN combination. By 2025, it will handle over 3 million cross-chain messages, reducing security risks by 60%.

Layer 0 supports the coexistence of multiple consensus mechanisms. For example, Celestia allows different consensus chains to share data layers through Data Availability Sampling (DAS) technology, which improves the processing TPS to 100,000 level and reduces storage costs by 80%. The compliance sandbox of HashKey Exchange integrates PoW and PoS chains, which improves the efficiency of cross-chain transaction strategy formulation by 200% in 2025, but increases maintenance costs by 300%. Chain abstraction technologies (such as Hyperbridge) attempt to hide underlying differences, but the execution environments of each chain vary greatly, and the final time (such as Ethereum) still takes 15-30 minutes, resulting in User Experience lagging behind Web2.

Application Scenario: Catalyst for Full Chain Ecology

Layer 0 promotes full-chain financial interoperability. Stargate achieves native asset cross-chain transfer based on LayerZero. By 2025, the transaction volume will exceed 4.50 billion USD. Users can mortgage ETH on Arbitrum and borrow USDT instantly on Avalanche. HashKey Exchange's DeFi aggregator integrates multi-chain nodes. By 2025, the cross-chain transaction rollback rate has decreased from 15% to 3%, but Gas fees are still 30% higher than centralized exchanges. The emergence of full-chain homogeneous tokens (OFTs) enables Trader Joe's JOE tokens to circulate freely on chains such as Avalanche and Arbitrum, alleviating liquidity fragmentation by 40%.

Layer 0 breaks the NFT ecosystem island. Pudgy Penguins uses LayerZero to cross-chain NFTs to Polygon and BNB chains, increasing customer engagement by 300%. A certain metaverse platform implements LAND NFT cross-chain governance through the IBC protocol, with voting rights dynamically calculated based on multi-chain holdings, increasing decision-making efficiency by 200%. HashKey Exchange's NFT market integrates multi-chain interfaces, with cross-chain transactions accounting for 65% in 2025, but smart contract audit costs account for 40% of the development budget.

Layer 0 helps traditional assets go on the chain. The "GF Token" launched by GF Securities in cooperation with HashKey Chain shortens settlement time from T + 2 to real-time through cross-chain Technology Implementation of multi-currency securities publishing. By 2025, the publishing volume will exceed $1 billion. A certain medical DApp combines zk-SNARKs with IBC to achieve insurance claims automation without data leaving the domain, and the processing time is shortened from 15 days to 72 hours.