2025-08-30
In May 2025, the Ethereum mainnet completed a major upgrade called "Pectra", which promoted the network to enter a new era of "intelligent expansion" through account abstraction, data expansion and staking mechanism innovation. Hong Kong HashKey Exchange 's compliance sandbox took the lead in integrating upgrade features, improving cross-chain transaction processing efficiency by 200%, and reducing gas fees to $0.00015, marking the paradigm shift of Ethereum from "decentralized experimentation" to "enterprise-level infrastructure".
Through the Account Abstraction (AA) implemented by EIP-7702, users can temporarily convert traditional external accounts (EOA) into smart contract accounts, supporting single-signature multi-transaction processing. For example, a DeFi protocol user uses the AA function to achieve "one signature, multi-chain settlement" in the cross-chain gateway of HashKey Exchange. The confirmation time of cross-chain transactions is shortened from 3 minutes to 8 seconds, and the operation complexity is reduced by 70%. AA also supports zero Gas fee transactions. A certain gaming platform has increased the conversion rate of new users by 400% by sponsoring the Gas mode.
The dynamic blob market regulation algorithm introduced by Pectra has reduced the storage cost of Layer 2 networks by 90%. For example, the ERC-20 transfer fee on Arbitrum chain has been reduced from $0.02 to $0.0002, and the average daily transaction volume has exceeded 2.10 million transactions. After integrating this mechanism, the DeFi aggregator of HashKey Exchange processed cross-chain NFT collateral loans for more than 600 billion Hong Kong dollars in Q2 2025, and the fund utilization rate increased by 50%.
EIP-7691 increases the target number of blobs per block from 3 to 6, with a maximum of 9, and a daily data capacity of 8.15GB. zkSync 2.0 uses this feature to reduce the proof generation cost of zk-Rollup by 89%, and a certain NFT market stores metadata through blobs, reducing on-chain storage costs by 95%. HashKey Exchange's compliance sandbox supports multi-chain blob data verification, processing cross-chain asset mapping more than 500,000 times in 2025, and reducing settlement time from T + 2 to real-time.
Pectra lays the foundation for Fusaka's upgraded Peer DAS (Data Availability Sampling), which reduces node storage pressure by 60% through distributed node verification of sharding data. A certain Supply Chain Finance platform uses sharding technology to compress the on-chain time of 100,000 cross-border trade data from 48 hours to 2 minutes, and improve audit efficiency by 300%. HashKey Exchange's institutional-level wallet integrates sharding verification module, reducing private key recovery time from 7 days to 7 minutes.
EIP-7251 increases the upper limit of single staking from 32 ETH to 2048 ETH, allowing staking service providers to merge node resources. An institution aggregates 2000 ETH through the staking pool of HashKey Exchange, reducing node operating costs by 40% and stabilizing the staking yield at 4.2%. At the same time, the upgrade introduces Single-Slot Finality, which shortens the block confirmation time from 12 seconds to 6 seconds and enhances the network's anti-censorship capacity by 50%.
LayerZero protocol is deeply integrated with Pectra upgrade to achieve real-time settlement of NFT cross-chain transfer. For example, users who deposit Ethereum NFTs in HashKey Exchange can instantly obtain liquidity in BNB Chain, and the fraud rate of cross-chain transactions is reduced by 42%. A certain metaverse platform uses cross-chain sharding technology to achieve seamless interaction of virtual assets on different chains, and the user engagement rate is increased by 300%.